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This translation is reproduced by permission of the Pali Text Society which owns the copyright.
Translated from the Pali
of the
D¨gha Nik¤ya
by
T.W. and C.A.F. Rhys Davids
Sacred Books of the Buddhists, Volume IV, edited by T.W. Rhys Davids
Published under the Patronage of His Majesty The King of Siam
by The Pali Text Society
There are Tens in the Doctrine, friends, which have been perfectly set forth by the Exalted One who knows, who sees. Here should there be chanting by all in concord, not wrangling . . . for the happiness of devas and men. Which are the tens?
[ 10.1 ] Ten doctrines conferring protection.[10.1]
(1) Herein friends, a brother is virtuous, lives self-controlled according to the self-control prescribed in the Vinaya, he has entered on a proper range of conduct, he sees danger in the least of the things he should avoid, he adopts and trains himself in the precepts.[ 267 ]
(2) He learns much, and remembers and stores up what he has learnt. Those doctrines which, excellent at the start, in the middle, at the end, in the letter and in their contents, declare the absolutely perfect and pure religious life, these he learns to a great extent bears them in mind, treasures them by repetition, onders them in mind, penetrates them by intuition.[10.1.1]
(3) He is a friend, an associate, an intimate of men of good character.
(4) He is affable, endowed with gentleness and humility; he is patient and receives admonition with deference.
(5) Where there are duties to be done for the seniors among his fellow-disciples, he therin is industrious, not slothful, and exercises forethought in methods for discharging them, is capable of accomplishing, capable of organizing.
(6) And furthermore, friends, he loves the doctrine, the utterance of it is dear to him,[10.1.2] he finds exceeding joy in the advanced teaching of both Doctrine and Discipline.[10.1.3]
(7)[ 268 ] Furthermore, friends, he is content with necessaries of any quality, whether it be raiment, alms, lodging, drugs and provision against sickness.
(8) Furthermore, friends, he is continually stirring up effort to eliminate bad qualities, evoke good qualities, making dogged and vigorous progress in good things, never throwing off the burden.
(9) Furthermore, friends, he is mindful, and possessed of supreme lucidity and perspicacity in following mentally and recollecting deeds and words long past.
(10) Furthermore,friends, he is intelligent, endowed withinsight into the rise and passing away [of things], insight which is of that Ariyan penetration which leads to the complete destruction of pain.
[ 10.2 ] Ten objects for self-hypnosis.[10.2] These, perceived severally as above, below or across, and as homogeneous, and without limits, are a piece of earth [extended matter], water, fire, air, indigo, yellow, red, white, space, consciousness.[10.2.1]
[ 269 ] [ 10.3 ] Ten bad channels of action, to wit, taking life, theft, inchastity, lying, abuse, slander, idle talk, covetousness, malevolence, wrong views.
[ 10.4 ] Ten good channels of action, to wit, abstention from all the foregoing.
[ 10.5 ] Ten Ariyan methods of living. Herein, friends, a brother has got rid of five factors, is possessed of six factors, has set the one guard, carries out the four bases of observance,[10.5] has put away sectarian opinions, has utterly given up quests, is candid in his thoughts, has calmed the restlessness of his body, and is well emancipated in heart and intellect.
(1) What five factors has he got rid of? Sensuality, malevolence, sloth and torpor, excitement and worry, doubt.[10.5.1]
(2) What six factors is he possessed of? The six 'chronic states.' (See p. 234)
(3) How has he set the one guard? By the mental guard of mindfulness.
[ 270 ] (4) What are the four bases of observance? Herein a brother judges that something is to be (i) habitually pursued, (ii) endured, (iii) avoided, (iv) suppressed.
(5) How does he become 'one who has put away sectarian opinions?[10.5.2] All those manyopinions of the mass of recluses and brahmins which are held by individuals as dogmas: -- all these he has dismissed, put away, given up, ejected, let go, eliminated, abandoned.
(6) How is he one whose questing is utterly given up? He has eliminated the questing after worldly desires, the questing for rebirth, the questing for religious life.[10.5.3]
(7) How is he candid in his thoughts? He has eliminated occupying his mind with sensual or malicous or cruel ideas.
(8) How does he tranquillize the activity of the body? Because of eliminating the being affected pleasurably or painfully, because of the dying out of previous impressions as joyful or sorrowful, he attains to and abides in a state of neutral feeling, of very pure indifference and mental lucidity, namely, the state called Fourth Jh¤na.
(9) How does he become well emancipated in heart?[10.5.4] He becomes emancipated in heart from passion, hate, and illusion.
(10) How does he become well emancipated in intellect?[10.5.4a] He understands his emancipated condition, namely, in the thought: Passion . . . hate . . . illusion . . . for me are eliminated, but off at the root, become as a palmtree stump, become non-existent, unable to grow again in future.[10.5.5]
[ 271 ] [ 10.6 ] Ten qualities belonging to the adept, to wit, the right (or perfect) views, intentions, speech, action, livelihood, effort, mindfulness, concentration, insight and emancipation as held by adepts.[10.6]
These Tens in the Doctrine, friends, have been perfectly set forth by the Exalted One, who knows, who sees. Here should there be chanting by all in concord, not wrangling, in order that the holy life may live and be long established. Thus will it be for the welfare, for the happiness of multitudes, a kindness to the world, for the good, the welfare, the happiness of devas and men.
[4] Now when the Exalted One had arisen he addressed the venerable S¤riputta saying: 'Excellent, S¤riputta, excellent! Excellently, S¤riputta, have you uttered the scheme of chanting together[4] for the brethren.'
These things were spoken by the venerable S¤riputta. The Master signified his assent. The brethren were pleased and delighted with the veneerable S¤riputta's discourse.
HERE ENDETH THE SUTTANTA OF THE CHANTING IN CONCORD
[10.1]Lit. protector-making. For (1) cf. Dial.I, 317. 'Self-control prescribed,'etc., is p¤timokkha-saµvara.
[10.1.1]See Vin. Texts III, 50, on these qualifications for a bhikkhu juryman, and the footnote.
[10.1.1]Piya-samud¤h¤ro, concerning which term Childers was doubtful, is thus expanded by B.: 'he listens intently (sakkaccaµ) when another discourses and longs to teach others.' Cf. Mil. II, 237.
[10.1.1]Abhidhamme Abhivinaye. B., by alternative exegeses, shows these terms are used vaguely, The formere may mean the third PiÂake(?), or the doctrine of the Paths and Fruits. The latter may mean the Khandhaka-Pariv¤ra, or the end of the vinaya--self-mastery. Cf. Sumagala Vil¤sin¨ I, 18.
[10.2]Kasi¼a, 'in the sense of entire (sakala).' Comy. Cf. Bud. Ps. Eth., pp. 43 f., n. 4; 57 f., n. 2.
[10.2.1]On the varying number of these 'objects' in Buddhist literature see B.P.E., p.57, n.2. Buddhaghosa also comments thereon in The Expositor, p. 249 f., but not here, nor in the Visuddhimagga, though he refers to fuller treatment there. There he drops the 'consciousness' object altogether, substituting ¤loka, or brightness. He identifies the former with the second of the Eight Deliverances (or second Ar¬pa-jh¤na). See above (mo: follow links).
[10.5]Cf. ]above, 216, viii
[10.5.1]Kindred Sayings I, 124
[10.5.2]A curious use of sacca (fact or truth). 'This view, that view is true! Thus p¤tiyekkam gahit¤ni ..." Comy.
[10.5.3]Cf. above, p. 209, xxii
[10.5.4][10.5.4a]The distinctive replies given in the case of citta and pa¾¾¤ should be noted.
[10.5.5]This No. v., which is a Sutta inthe Anguttara (v., 29), is presumably the Ariya-vas¤ni, one of the five Dhamma-teachings recommended for study in Asoka's Bhabra edict. Cf. Rh. Davids, Buddhist India, 169.
[10.6]That is, these factors in their case are 'connected with fruition.' The 'views' and 'insight' are understanding (or intellect, pa¾¾¤) exercised on two sorts of occasion (Âh¤na). To avoid multipling footnotes, references have not been given to all the parallels inthe other Nik¤yas, of the foregoing summarized doctrines. References, especially to one Nik¤ya, the Anguttara, wiull be found in Dr. J.E. Carpenter's edition of the text.
[4]Sang¨tipariy¤yan ti s¤maggik¤ra¼aµ
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